An IPhT researcher, Nicolas Sangouard, and his partners from the universities of Geneva and Basel have succeeded for the first time in "intriguing" the outputs of two optical fibers sharing a single photon at a distance of 2 km. By this performance, they show how a form of quantum entanglement that is simple to produce can be distributed and detected over long distances. An important step towards the construction of a secure quantum the internet! Quantum entanglement or entanglement refers to a very surprising phenomenon in which two systems form a linked state, with the state of each individual system remaining undefined. Regardless of the distance between them, these systems have correlated physical properties. Without stopping being amazed, physicists have learned to use entanglement and to imagine technological applications that have no classical equivalent.

How do we protect the privacy of a communication if we cannot trust the devices used to communicate? Researchers from IPhT, the University of Basel and ETH Zurich have provided innovative answers to this question, which is at the heart of research in quantum cryptography. Hackers in possession of quantum computers pose a serious threat to some of today's crypto-systems. An interesting solution uses encryption methods based on keys produced by quantum principles. However, current quantum encryption protocols assume that the devices used to communicate are known and trustworthy. Otherwise, a door is opened for eavesdropping. A team of physicists around Nicolas Sangouard from IPhT and the University of Basel, as well as Professor Renato Renner from ETH Zurich, have developed the theoretical bases of a communication protocol that offers ultimate protection of the privacy and can be implemented experimentally.

En ce triste printemps 2020, les vents mauvais ont emporté plusieurs grands anciens de l'Institut. Nous tenons à leur rendre hommage et assurons leurs familles et leurs amis de notre amical souvenir. Madeleleine Porneuf (1934-2020): Rentrée au CEA en 1956, Madeleine Porneuf était Ingénieur Documentaliste, et a dirigé et développé pendant de très nombreuses années  le service de documentation, au départ commun au Service de Physique Théorique (futur IPhT) et au Service de Physique des Solides et de Résonance Magnétique (SPSRM, futur SPEC),  et ce jusqu'à sa retraite. Madeleine était une personnalité importante et marquante de l'Institut.

Départ de Patrick Berthelot: Après 18 ans passés au sein du groupe informatique de l'IPhT, Patrick Berthelot nous a quitté en mai pour un autre Centre et une autre Direction du CEA. Patrick est arrivé chez nous en 2002 comme Technicien Supérieur, et est devenu Ingénieur Informaticien en 2016. Administrateur système et réseau, il serait trop long de rappeler toutes les tâches qu'il assumait et tous les projets qu'il a porté. Mentionnons par exemple la conception et l'installation de notre système de visioconférence, et le passage de l'informatique scientifique de l'IPhT sur le réseau de l'Université Paris-Saclay.

David Kosower vient d’obtenir l’ERC Advanced Grant Ampl2Einstein. Ce projet sera consacré au développement de nouveaux calculs perturbatifs pour l’étude de l´émission d´ondes gravitationnelles lors de la fusion de trous noirs ou d'étoiles à neutrons. Ces calculs de précision sont une étape cruciale afin de pouvoir extraire des observations des informations sur la structure de ces astres. L' ambition du projet “Ampl2Einstein” est de repousser les limites de la théorie quantique des champs et de développer le lien entre théories de Yang-Mills et théories de gravitation.

A virus spreads over the "contact network" whose nodes are individuals, and the link represents the possibility for the virus to spread between them. This contact network is therefore not necessarily equivalent to our social network and has a very complex structure. The study of this type of network is used today in epidemiology to understand how a virus spreads. Liberation released today an interview with Marc Barthelemy, director of research at the Institute of theoretical physics (CEA).

Collisions between heavy atomic nuclei at ultrarelativistic energies are carried out at particle colliders to produce the quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter where quarks and gluons are not confined into hadrons, and colour degrees of freedom are liberated. This state is thought to be produced as a transient phenomenon before it fragments into thousands of particles that reach the particle detectors. Despite two decades of investigations, one of the big open challenges is to obtain an experimental determination of the temperature reached in a heavy-ion collision, and a simultaneous determination of another thermodynamic quantity, such as the entropy density, that would give access to the number of degrees of freedom.

Le nouvel ouvrage Theory of simple glasses, co-écrit par Giorgio Parisi, Pierfrancesco Urbani , physicien à l’IPhT, et Francesco Zamponi, vient de paraître chez Cambridge University Press. Félicitations Pierfrancesco !

Le nouvel ouvrage  Molecular Kinetics in Condensed Phases: Theory, Simulation, and Analysis, écrit par Ron Elber, Dmitrii E. Makarov, et Henri Orland, physicien à l'IPhT, vient de paraître chez Wiley. Félicitations Henri !

Black holes are arguably among the most mysterious objects that  Einstein’s General Relativity predicts. They remain more fascinating than ever because they are often found at the core of the paradoxes between quantum mechanics and general relativity.  The resolution of these paradoxes lead theoretical physicists to formulate deep conjectures about the fundamental structures of the underlying quantum theory of gravity. One of the most important of  such conjectures, known as the “Weak gravity Conjecture”, was proposed in this context  in 2006 by Arkani-Hamed and collaborators. The simplest version of this conjecture states that the charge-to-mass ratio of electrically charged black holes, at the end stage of their Hawking’s evaporation, must be larger than one (Q/M>1 in Planck units) in any possible instance of a universe ruled by quantum mechanics.

Black holes are arguably among the most mysterious objects that  Einstein’s General Relativity predicts. They remain more fascinating than ever because they are often found at the core of the paradoxes between quantum mechanics and general relativity.  The resolution of these paradoxes lead theoretical physicists to formulate deep conjectures about the fundamental structures of the underlying quantum theory of gravity.   One of the most important of  such conjectures, known as the “Weak gravity Conjecture”, was proposed in this context  in 2006 by Arkani-Hamed and collaborators. The simplest version of this conjecture states that the charge-to-mass ratio of electrically charged black holes, at the end stage of their Hawking’s evaporation, must be larger than one (Q/M>1 in Planck units) in any possible instance of a universe ruled by quantum mechanics.

Un livre de François David, le tome 1 de la Théorie statistique des champs vient de paraître chez EDP Sciences dans la Collection Savoirs Actuels. Présentation de l'ouvrage:  Les idées du groupe de renormalisation développées pour la physique statistique dans les années 1970, en grande partie grâce au prix Nobel de physique Kenneth Wilson, ont entièrement renouvelé ce que l’on appelait la théorie relativiste des champs quantiques, née dans les années 1930 et développée sous la forme de l’électrodynamique quantique dans les années 1950. Un résultat de ce renouvellement est la théorie statistique des champs, une boîte à outils de tout physicien théoricien, de la physique des hautes énergies à la physique statistique.

On July 10th, P2I-P2IO/UP Saclay became a part of EuCAPT and Philippe Brax represents Paris-Saclay in the Streering Committe

  After having delivered for several years a course on quantum field theory at the Master program ¨High Energy Physics¨ at the Ecole Polytechnique, Francois Gelis's lecture notes have been published by Cambridge University Press in a volume entitled Quantum Field Theory: from basics to modern topics.  

General relativity has just celebrated its centenary and the early detection of gravitational waves by LIGO and Virgo has confirmed Einstein's prediction that accelerated masses can produce an oscillation of space-time spreading at the speed of light.