The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics celebrates the groundbreaking contributions of Anne L’Huillier, Pierre Agostini, and Ferenc Krausz. Recognized for their innovative experimental methods generating attosecond pulses of light, pivotal in studying electron dynamics in matter, this seminar will first delve into the contextualization of their seminal works. Examining their central roles, we will then explore the emergence of a novel optical source and its diverse applications. We will give insights into the rapidly expanding realm of ultrafast science, emphasizing its global influence in expending the knowledge of electron dynamics in both dilute and condensed matter. Additionally, we highlight its role in conducting new tests of fundamental physics, particularly those intertwined with the nature of light.