Linear and cubic response to the initial eccentricity in heavy-ion collisions
Noronha-Hostler J. (Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West, 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA) Yan Li (CEA, IPhT (Institut de Physique Théorique), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France) Gardim Fernando G. (Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Cidade Universitaria, 37715-400 Pocos de Caldas, MG, Brazil) Ollitrault J.-Y. (CEA, IPhT (Institut de Physique Théorique), F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
Abstract: We study the relation between elliptic flow, $v_2$ and the initial eccentricity, $varepsilon_2$, in heavy-ion collisions, using hydrodynamic simulations. Significant deviations from linear eccentricity scaling are seen in more peripheral collisions. We identify the mechanism responsible for these deviations as a cubic response, which we argue is a generic property of the hydrodynamic response to the initial density profile. The cubic response increases elliptic flow fluctuations, thereby improving agreement of initial condition models with experimental data.