Galaxies
At large scales the gas follows the density fluctuations of the dark matter.
The gravitational instability which governs the dynamics builds a complex
network of a wide variety of structures: voids, filaments, dense and massive
halos (see Gravitational dynamics). At small
scales the gas within dense objects can cool by radiating its energy away.
This implies a further collapse of the gas which can eventually form stars
and galaxies. Understanding and modeling the formation of galaxies is a very
difficult problem because of the broad range of physical processes and
scales which need to be taken into account.
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